Can dogs eat chocolate?

The amount of theobromine varies hugely between products. Dark chocolate contains several times more than milk chocolate, and unsweetened baking chocolate and cocoa powder contain the most. That is why a few squares of dark chocolate can be more dangerous than a larger amount of milk chocolate for the same dog, and why no amount should be assumed safe.

Your vet will use the type, amount, and your dog's weight to judge the risk, so keep the wrapper.

Signs usually appear within 6 to 12 hours and can last a day or more. Early signs include vomiting, diarrhea, increased thirst, restlessness, and panting. More serious effects include a racing heart, tremors, high body temperature, and seizures. Chocolate is also fatty and sugary, which adds to stomach upset.

Home remedies are not appropriate. Your vet may want to see your dog quickly, before signs develop.

Chocolate turns up in brownies, cakes, cookies, hot chocolate powder, chocolate spreads, protein bars, and chocolate-covered raisins and espresso beans, which combine two hazards. Cocoa shell mulch used in gardens contains theobromine too. Easter, Christmas, Halloween, and Valentine's Day bring big spikes in chocolate cases.

Wrapped chocolates under the tree or advent calendars on low shelves are common culprits.

Store chocolate in high cupboards, not in handbags on the floor or coat pockets. Tell children why the dog cannot share their sweets, and offer them dog treats to give instead.

Carob-based dog treats give a similar look without the theobromine.