Rat Terrier

Both are small, energetic working terriers, but they come from different countries and jobs. The Rat Terrier is an American farm dog with a smooth coat, often upright or tipped ears, and sighthound blood that gives it a sleeker build. The Jack Russell is English, bred to work foxes, and can have a rough or broken coat. Ratties are generally a little more biddable.

Miniatures in particular can do very well in apartments if they get daily exercise and mental work. They are clean, compact and usually not heavy barkers once settled, though they will alert to noises in the corridor. Standards cope too, but need more outdoor time. Either size struggles if left alone for long workdays without company or a midday break.

A Decker is a larger, heavier line of Rat Terrier developed by breeder Milton Decker for hunting bigger game, often with upright ears and more substance than a standard. Deckers are usually at the top of the standard size range or above it. Some registries record them, but major kennel clubs do not recognize them as a separate breed.

Yes. The short, single-layered feel of their coat and their lean build mean Rat Terriers lose heat quickly, and many shiver on cold, damp days. A well-fitting jumper or waterproof coat, shorter walks in freezing weather and a warm bed away from drafts make a big difference. Most love burrowing under blankets, which is a helpful clue about their comfort level.

They do, more than their short coat suggests. Expect a steady scattering of short hairs all year and heavier shedding in spring and autumn. The hairs are fine and can weave into fabric, so a rubber glove works well for removing them from furniture. A weekly brush outdoors cuts the amount inside noticeably. They are not a good choice for people seeking a low-shedding dog.